Brucellosis in humans – symptoms, treatment, prevention

Brucellosis in humans occurs in countries with developed animal husbandry. The urgency of the disease is due to the late diagnosis, and therefore brucellosis often becomes chronic and causes the development of irreversible consequences.What is brucellosis and how it is caused by Brucellosis (Bruce's disease, Maltese fever, etc.) is an infectious disease that is characterized by damage to organs and systems of the human body and tends to chronalize the process.The causative agent of the disease is a group of bacteria (brucella), some species can cause the development of the disease in humans.The disease belongs to the category of diseases and affects people whose work is related to the contact and care of animals (veterinarians, milkmaids, shepherds, etc.).Infection occurs from sick animals (sheep, goats, pigs, cows, etc.) through direct contact or professional consumption of infected meat, raw milk and its offal (cheese, cottage cheese, etc.). In addition, flies can become a carrier of the disease.Less often, brucellosis is transmitted through the air by inhaling dust containing pathogenic bacteria (in places where livestock graze, etc.).Transmission of the disease from an infected person to a healthy one is excluded.The clinical picture and symptoms of brucellosis in humans, having entered the body through the digestive tract, respiratory tract and injuries on the skin, brucella are carried with the lymph flow throughout the body and begin to multiply in the lymph nodes, periodically entering the blood.Prolonged exposure to bacteria in the body causes an allergic reaction, and the disease becomes chronic.Acute brucellosis in humans is manifested by the following symptoms:- Temperature rise to 38-39 degrees, which can last up to several weeks, or undulating body temperature spikes.- Symptoms of moderate intoxication: lethargy, apathy, irritability, decreased appetite, headache.- Increased sweating, especially at night.- Pain in joints and lower extremities.The symptoms of brucellosis in humans in the acute form can go away on their own, even without treatment. But more often than not, organ damage begins after a few months, and the disease becomes chronic.Chronic brucellosis is characterized by a variety of symptoms:- Symptoms of general intoxication: insomnia, lethargy, decreased concentration and attention, loss of appetite, fatigue, etc.- From the motor system: arthritis, osteomyelitis, myalgia, etc. - From the heart: endocarditis, abscesses, etc.- Urogenital tract: orchitis, prostatitis, cervicitis, pyelonephritis, etc.- Nervous system: meningitis, myelitis, cranial nerve damage and atrophy.- And others: hepatitis, keratitis, enlarged spleen, pneumonia.Brucellosis in pregnant women can cause miscarriage, premature birth, or stillbirth.Diagnostic criteria for brucellosis The patient's medical history and clinical features are important for diagnosis.Laboratory analysis for brucellosis in humans is carried out by blood culture. Additionally, the allergic reaction of Burne and the serological reaction of Wright are used.Treatment of brucellosis in humans Treatment of brucellosis in humans depends on the stage of the disease and the degree of damage to organs and systems.Acute and subacute forms begin to be treated with a combination of antibiotics. Several courses of antibiotic therapy are carried out in a row.In the chronic stage, antibiotics are effective only during the period of exacerbation. Medications are used to eliminate the symptoms of the disease (painkillers, anti-inflammatory, etc.). Vaccines have a good effect in chronic brucellosis.Prevention of brucellosis in humans, the prognosis for a patient's life with brucellosis is relatively favorable.Prevention of brucellosis in humans is as follows:- Elimination of brucellosis in animals. Disinfection of milk and its products, animal skins and fur.- Vaccination of people at risk for brucellosis.- Taking precautions when in contact with animals.Brucellosis has a relatively favorable course, but it can cause the development of severe complications that lead to loss of professional ability and disability. Prevention and timely diagnosis of the disease will help prevent the disease or prevent its transition to a chronic stage. Smart players always familiarize themselves with the wagering conditions to maximize their bonus potential. The 1xbet promo code egypt offering $130 for sports or €1950 with 150 free spins, comes with clearly defined requirements. Sports bonuses require a 5x wagering on accumulator bets with a minimum of three selections and odds of 1.40 or higher, all within 30 days. Casino bonuses typically have a 35x playthrough on qualifying games. Additionally, the platform's generous cashback feature returns a percentage of weekly net losses, and every bet earns loyalty points.